Whether the evolutionary theory of Darwin is true?
Summary of article on address: http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1237921380
22:03 24.03.2009

The evolutionary theory of Darwin as special manifestation of philosophical
category proves its truth. Reflexing proportion (adequacy, correspondence to one
dimension)

Recently new disputes have been held all over the world on old times, with
launched fight against evolutionary theory of Darwin, opponents undertake new
attack, raising
world outlook issues, without paying attention that this theory is closely
connected with the philosophy as a science, new aspects of which confirm the
theory of life evolution on the Earth.

One of main ideas of Charles Darwin is expressed by the concept of adaptation of
organism to the changing environment. "The concept of survival of the most
adapted, -
are writing C.Willi and V.Detyeu, - is a core of the theory of natural selection
"(C.Willi, V.Detyeu. Biology. - Moscow: Mir, 1975, p. 220).
It happened so, that in philosophy the fact that Darwin discovered in
explicitly distinct form, has existed since long time ago in other aspects which
have not been systematically and concretely developed, compared to the case as
was with Darwin. According to Hegel "one" becomes "something changed" in one
aspect, and in the other there is a reflexion of this "one" through reversal of
reflection to itself of other changed subject.
If to start from concept of expansion of similarity and a principle of genetic
proportion, or the fact that one generates something other, similar to itself,
than the
concept of adaptation is combined with concept of expansion of similarity, but
has the concrete mechanism, giving certainty to the evolutionary theory of
Darwin.

In the history of science much was written about change of one subject through
interaction with another subject and their mutual changes. The number of such
doctrines is endless.

However it is common position, and it does not have sufficient certainty today.
The idea about interrelation and mutual changes was cardinal certainty in
fighting metaphysics. Its modern certainty arises with the notion of adaptation
when things tend to change according to principle of proportion.". The "One"
impacts the "another", changing it and being reflected in it, but reflexion
reverses to the "one", transforming it into "the other". This returned
reflexion has also proportion of the second thing. The thing cannot change
without interaction. The change of any thing can be caused by its internal
reasons, but not outside interaction with other things. Interaction is reflexion
which from one proportion leads to another proportion. "One" becomes "the other"
through interaction with that other thing and in proportion to other thing.

The thing alienates from itself in interaction and becomes changed, reversing to
itself through achieving proportion of other thing.
Here we see the specific adaptation of organism to the changed environment. The
changing environment results in discord (disparity), the biological mechanism of
organism restores proportion - but a new one. But in biology, probably, there is
no absolute discord and absolute proportion, they exist in various "proportions"
and correlation depending on aspects of life.
Here it is relevant to speak about such universal categories, as discord and
proportions. The dialectics of categories of discord and proportion define any
interaction of two or more things, or movement of "one" with itself.

The attempt of "interpreting" biological concepts by means of philosophical
concepts and categories is required to understand philosophical fundamentality
of the evolutionary theory of Darwin, containing a core of the universal link,
manifesting everywhere, but in his case in the biological form and at biological
level. This link as overall philosophical universality may be called reflexing
proportion. It is one of mechanisms of expansion of similarity as universal part
of objective reality (See.: I. K Assadullaev "Beauty, love and eternal movement.
16 new categories: reading Aristotle, Avicennae, Hegel" - Dushanbe: Donish.
2008. The book is available in Dushanbe, Almaty, Moscow libraries).

Any organism interacts with changing environment. The environment has many
various factors and phenomena which occasionally influence the organism. However
all this occasional phenomena and factors in environment for organism have
overall quality, important for it. For example, going out of amphibious from
water to land. On the land there are thousands of occasional factors, but all of
them drastically differ from soft water, they are hard, and this is the changed
"other thing", which has to overcome discord and establish by change of
organism new proportions. New quality of environment dominates as change of
habitat for organism.

There is a discord between organism and environment instead of previously
exiting proportion. There is a need to establishment new proportion. The
organism and habitat is constantly interacting parties by mutual and reciprocal
reflexion, it means there is reflexing proportion. It is universal. In still
nature there is no accelerating proportion as in wildlife. But also in wildlife
there is no universal progress of organisms. There is reflecting proportion, but
not on the way of a constant aromorphosis or negentropy. On a planet there are
many organisms of deadlock development. Pierre Tejar de Sharden in his books
showed, that arthropods, having evolved to a certain limit, could not have
developed further like those organisms which led to evolution of human being.
Realisation of new and new proportion Darwin called as adaptability.
Thus it is necessary to keep in mind, that proportion is realized according to
dialectic unity of discontinuous (interrupted) and continuous categories.
Mutation which is proportional to the changed environment is at the same time
something discontinuous, "quantum" of proportion, life "quantum".
Expansion of biological concepts and ideas in philosophy highlights new aspects
of reality. Reflexing proportion is characteristic for any interacting things as
any interaction is not zero in time. Even if interaction time tends to zero, but
differs from zero, even in this case we have something stable within shortest
period of time, thus, as manifestation of reflecting proportion. Probably, such
cases are met in microcosm, macrocosm, and megaworld.
Planets round the Sun pass various trajectories and thus influence a trajectory
of the Sun, which, though slightly changing its trajectory, influences movement
of planets. And here again we have mutual reciprocal reflexing proportion, as
elsewhere. Each interaction generates a new discord and new proportion. Any
thing at interaction alienates itself from itself and reverses to itself, having
changed, but already being proportional to the changed thing as well.
Hegel's thesis - antithesis and synthesis is higher level of generalization
whereas the universal law of reflexing proportion has more concrete dialectic
mechanism including biological mechanism of evolution as well. Classics noted
that high generalizations have little concrete clarity. The universal law of
reflexing proportion contains more concrete dialectics, than the law of unity
and conflict of contradictions, negation of negation and so on.

Here it is possible to judge in favor of existence of "quantum" of movement,
irrespective of the sizes of object. At the same time there is opportunity of
experimental detection of advancing of discord in every reflexing proportion,
irrespective of the length of time. There are three aspects of a problem.
According to the first aspect, it should be probably stated, that the discord
and new harmony do not coincide completely in time nowhere and never. The reason
comes first, followed by consequence.

The discord comes earlier then new proportion and it can be obviously seen in
movement of the Sun and planets, in a microcosm, macrocosm, and mega world. In
our opinion, it is importance for all spheres of knowledge, and coming discord
ahead of new proportion is obviously seen in biology.

If pursuing this thought we come to the idea that, for example, in real
mechanics there can not be any absolutely "smooth" - continuous -growing
movement of an accelerated body, and in reality there are straightly accelerated
jumps - movement "quanta". As for curve movement it consists of zigzags,
probably, very inconspicuous. The "small" zigzag makes "a road bed " of a curve
trajectory. But this zigzag is especially seen in biology through life "quanta"
- mutations.

It means in mechanic and physics there is quantum - discontinuous evolution of
proportion. It is in addition to what is known on the problem of discontinuous
and continuous in movement. In such view, straightly moving, but accelerated
body, moves by jumps, and crookedly moving body under the influence of for
example of gravitation which is also discontinuous, has the zigzag movement
within in a curve trajectory. It means, that movement is quantum - irrespective
of the sizes of object.

According to the above mentioned option, it is very important, that absolutely
"smooth" -discontinuous - accelerated body along the straight line or "smooth"
discontinuous curve in reality do not exist, not only because of impact of
other subjects, but because discord come ahead of new proportion. If in a
reality there can be absolutely continuous "smooth" acceleration of body or a
smooth curve, then this is the case of absolute coincidence of discord and
proportion in time, and it suggests absolutely new interpretation of problem.
This is already the second option of a problem with other solutions. But there
can be also the third option when in some spheres of reality the discord comes
ahead of new proportion, and in others cases they coincide.

Each movement or development takes place in the process of internal and external
interaction according to dialectics of categories of discord and proportion.

This dialectic core was raised on by Charles Darwin at biological level in his
evolutionary theory, and interpreted. Fighting for existence is unusually
difficult and multidimensional manifestation of dialectics of a discord and
proportion, reflexing proportions.

To our mind, it is impossible to speak on the aspect of contradiction and
proportion, as contradictions in this aspect are expressions of discord, which
includes also a concept of difference. In discord, difference grows into
contradiction. This position allows to admit movement and development also on
the basis of variety of differences, realized as contradiction in its intensity.
It means there is no rest between difference and contradiction. They constantly
pass into each other. The contradiction can have proportion, as however, discord
can. The discord has the harmony of accident, rupture, destruction, death, but
not harmony of proportion. Here there is no tautology. Accident for one relation
can be proportion for another one. We can't but recollect the words of Alexander
Block: "And fight again, rest is only in our dreams!" Or Napoleon Bonaparte's
words: "It is important to get involved into the battle, and then we'll see!".
Or it is relevant to cite Bismarck, when he was asked: "Mister Chancellor, how
did you spent this night?", he answered: "Fine, I have been hating the whole
night!".

The categories of discord and proportion, their dialectics, manifesting in
universal dialectic law - reflexing proportion -once again prove objective
truth of evolution theory of Darwin. The laws and categories of dialectics are
infinite. The name of Darwin is immortal.


Iskandar Asadullaev
Doctor of Philosophy,
Member of the International Hegel-Gesellschaft
April 11, 2009 Dushanbe, Tojikiston



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