The First Sight Record of the Arabian Sand Cat (Felis margarita
harrisoni, Hemmer, Grubb and Groves 1976) from the Gaza Strip,
Palestine.*

By: Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa.


Website:
http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Gaza_Sand_Cat.html


*Note: This article was published in "Gazelle: The Palestinian
Biological Bulletin". Number 65, May 2007. pp. 1-19.

Article Reference:
Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2007). The
First Sight Record of the Arabian Sand Cat (Felis margarita
harrisoni, Hemmer, Grubb and Groves 1976) from the Gaza Strip,
Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 65,
May 2007, Rabi'e Al-Akher 1428 AH. pp. 1-19. Sharjah, United Arab
Emirates. (Article in English; Abstract in English and Arabic,
Kurzfassung in Deutsch; References in English, German and Arabic).
http://www.geocities.com/jaffacity/Gaza_Sand_Cat.html



Abstract: The first sighting and photographing of an Arabian Sand
Cat, Felis margarita harrisoni, from the Gaza Strip, in spring 1994,
confirms the existence of this species in the Palestinian
territories.

Kurzfassung: Die erste Beobachtung und fotografieren einer Arabische
Sandkatze, Felis margarita harrisoni, im Frühling 1994 in den Gaza-
Streifen bestätigt das Vorkommen der Art in die palästinensische
Gebiete.

Key words: Felidae, Mammals, Carnivores, Middle East, Arabia,
Palestine, Gaza Strip, Distribution, Zoogeography.


While writing an article about the Arabian Sand Cat (Felis margarita
harrisoni, Hemmer, Grubb and Groves 1976) in Palestine, I searched
the Internet for references and photos. I saw the homepage of the
Russian Zoologist Vladimir Dinets, and discovered there a sand cat
photo which was taken by him, during his visit to the Gaza Strip. I
was very curious, because there was no official record of the
Arabian Sand Cat from the Gaza Strip. So I sent him an E-mail,
asking for more information concerning this photo. He answered back,
and wrote that he "don't have field notes from that time", and that
this photo which is "a bit out of focus" was taken in the "early
morning" in the Gaza Strip, "somewhere in the southern corner in the
spring of 1994". He "heard that an airport was later built in that
area". This Airport is the Gaza International Airport or Yaser
Arafat International Airport, which was opened in1998, but was
closed in 2001 after being severely damaged by Israeli military
forces; and it is located near the town of Rafah, southern Gaza
Strip, close to the Egyptian Border.

This sighting and photographing of the Arabian Sand Cat by the
Russian Zoologist Vladimir Dinets in the Rafah area, southern Gaza
Strip, which dates back to 1994, was the first sight record of this
felid species from the Gaza Strip, Palestine.

The Arabian sand cat Felis margarita harrisoni is the smallest
member of the Felidae found in Arabia, and although sand cats are
found from North Africa, through Arabia and into Central Asia,
little information is available on these elusive animals. The sand
cat is considered to be "Near Threatened" by the IUCN, with the
proviso that it could qualify as "Vulnerable" if better information
were available (Strauss, Shobrak and Shah, 2006).

There are little scientific publications on the ecology and
distribution of the sand cat in Arabia. It was first discovered in
Arabia by the British Explorer Sir Wilfred Thesiger, who obtained an
incomplete (fragmentary) skin, without skull from Ramlat Al-Ghafa,
Oman, Eastern Rub' Al-Khali in 1947 (Hayman and Harrison 1950,
Harrison 1968).
Further confirmation of its existence in the southern Arabian
peninsula was forthcoming in 1952, with the capture of a living
specimen near Beihan, western Yemen, on the south-western fringes of
Rub' Al-Khali. This Animal was then kept in the London Zoo, and
lived there for seven years (Hayman 1952, Harrison 1968); Haltenorth
(1953) published further photographs of this living Sand Cat.
There is a sand cat status report from the Emirates (Cunningham
2002); and the confirmation of the species' presence in Wadi Rum,
Jordan (Mountfort 1965, Hemmer 1978, Bunaian et al. 1998); and in
the Kuwaiti Desert, Kuwait (Khalaf-von Jaffa, April 2007); and in Al
Wabra, Qatar (Khalaf-von Jaffa, May 2007); and in the sandy desert
of central Saudi Arabia and in the Eastern Province (Lipscombe
Vincett 1982), and there is also a study of the range and habitat
use of the sand cat in Saudi Arabia (Strauss et al. 2006). A living
specimen from Sinai was at the Tel Aviv University Museum in the
early 1970's (Hemmer et al. 1976, Qumsiyeh 1996).

In Palestine, the Israeli Zoologist Professor Fritz Shimon
Bodenheimer (1958) did not mention in his article "The Present
Taxonomic Status of the Terrestrial Mammals of Palestine" the sand
cat as member of the Palestinian Fauna; and so did the Palestinian
Geneticist and Zoologist Professor Mazin B. Qumsiyeh (1996) in his
book "Mammals of the Holy Land"; but in the early 1990's there was a
study done on the Sand cats in Wadi Arabah, Occupied Palestine, by
the Israeli Zoologist Menahem Abbadi (1991 & 1992).
The sand cat was also mentioned from Wadi Arabah by the Israeli
Artist and Zoologist Walter W. Ferguson (2002) in his book "The
Mammals of Israel".
In a recent Palestinian study, done by Abd Rabou, Yassin, Al Agha,
Hamad, and Ali in 2007, the researchers did not include the Arabian
Sand Cat as member of the Gaza Strip Mammals. The only felid species
which was mentioned from the Gaza Strip and Wadi Gaza was the Wild
Cat (Felis silvestris) (Abd Rabou et al. 2007).

The Arabian Sand Cat (Felis margarita harrisoni) is known to live in
the northern Wadi Arabah, Occupied Palestine, and is now newly known
from the southern Gaza Strip. It is the smallest felid species
living in Palestine. The other Palestinian felids are: the Palestine
Wild Cat (Felis silvestris tristrami), the Palestine Jungle Cat
(Felis chaus furax), the Arabian Caracal Lynx (Caracal caracal
schmitzi) and the Arabian Leopard (Panthera pardus nimr)
(Mendelssohn 1989, Khalaf-von Jaffa, April 2006).

The Asiatic or Persian Lion (Panthera leo persica), and the Asiatic
or Iranian Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) disappeared from the
Palestinian Environment in 1630 and 1959, respectively (Khalaf-von
Jaffa, April 2006).


Acknowledgment:
Thanks are due to the Russian Zoologist Vladimir Dinets, for giving
me the permission to use his Gaza sand cat photo, which initiated
this sand cat article, and for his valuable Information about the
presence of the Arabian Sand Cat in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.


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